CVE-2026-104430
Zebra 4.5.0 Consensus Split via P2SH Sigop Overcount
No known exploitation. EPSS puts it in the 33rd percentile. Fixed in 4.5.1.
What to do
Find your product and version, then upgrade to the build on the right.
- ZcashFoundation zebraAffected: ≥ 4.5.0, < 4.5.1Upgrade to: 4.5.1Stated by: CVE record
Versions as the sources state them. Full version matrix after sign-in
What it is
From the CVE record
Zebra zebrad 4.5.0 and zebra-script 7.0.0 count P2SH redeem script signature operations in legacy mode rather than zcashd's accurate P2SH mode, overcounting CHECKMULTISIG preceded by OP_1 through OP_16 as 20 sigops and causing a consensus divergence. Remote attackers can broadcast P2SH spends using low-threshold multisig redeem scripts so that a block zcashd accepts exceeds Zebra's inflated MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS count, causing Zebra nodes to reject it and stall off the chain.
In plain language
No plain-language summary for this CVE yet.
Exploitation
Where each signal puts this CVE on the scale from published to confirmed exploited.
- CISA KEV
Not in the catalog. CISA has not confirmed exploitation.
- Public exploits
No public exploit or proof of concept found in the sources we track.
- EPSS
0.4% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the 33rd percentile of scored CVEs.
Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST.org. A probability, not a confirmation.
Lifecycle
4 events over 0 days, from the signal feeds we watch.
- Publishedweakness classified, record updated, record updated
Affected products
Technical detail
CVSS 3.1 vector
Open in the CVSS calculatorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Scored 7.5 by NVD.
How it is reached
- Attack Vector NetworkExploitable remotely over the network without any special conditions
- Attack Complexity LowNo special conditions — the attack can be reliably reproduced
- Privileges Required NoneNo authentication required — anyone can exploit this
- User Interaction NoneNo user interaction needed — fully automated exploitation
Scope
- Scope UnchangedImpact is limited to the vulnerable component itself
Impact if exploited
- Confidentiality NoneNo confidentiality impact
- Integrity NoneNo integrity impact
- Availability HighTotal denial of service — the component is completely unavailable
Weaknesses
Sources
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