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CVE-2025-59152

X-Forwarded-For Header Spoofing Bypasses Litestar Rate Limiting

No known exploitation. EPSS puts it in the 41st percentile. Fixed in 2.18.0.

CVSS 3.17.5HighEPSS percentile41st0.5% chance in 30 daysCISA KEVNot listedNo confirmed exploitation
No public exploit knownFix2.18.0Upgrade to this build

Published Updated Sources: CVE.org, NVD, GitHub

NVD CVE.org

What to do

Find your product and version, then upgrade to the build on the right.

  • Litestar-org LitestarAffected: = 2.17.0Upgrade to: not statedStated by: CVE record
  • PyPI litestarAffected: ≥ 2.17.0, < 2.18.0Upgrade to: 2.18.0Stated by: GitHub advisory

Versions as the sources state them. Full version matrix after sign-in

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What it is

From the CVE record

Litestar is an Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface (ASGI) framework. In version 2.17.0, rate limits can be completely bypassed by manipulating the X-Forwarded-For header. This renders IP-based rate limiting ineffective against determined attackers. Litestar's RateLimitMiddleware uses `cache_key_from_request()` to generate cache keys for rate limiting. When an X-Forwarded-For header is present, the middleware trusts it unconditionally and uses its value as part of the client identifier. Since clients can set arbitrary X-Forwarded-For values, each different spoofed IP creates a separate rate limit bucket. An attacker can rotate through different header values to avoid hitting any single bucket's limit. This affects any Litestar application using RateLimitMiddleware with default settings, which likely includes most applications that implement rate limiting. Version 2.18.0 contains a patch for the vulnerability.

In plain language

No plain-language summary for this CVE yet.

Exploitation

Where each signal puts this CVE on the scale from published to confirmed exploited.

EPSS41st
CISA KEV

Not in the catalog. CISA has not confirmed exploitation.

Public exploits

No public exploit or proof of concept found in the sources we track.

EPSS

0.5% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the 41st percentile of scored CVEs.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST.org. A probability, not a confirmation.

Lifecycle

6 events over 378 days, from the signal feeds we watch.

  1. Patch availablerecord updated
  2. Patch availablerecord updated
  3. Publishedweakness classified

Affected products

Technical detail

CVSS 3.1 vector

Open in the CVSS calculator

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Scored 7.5 by NVD.

How it is reached

  • Attack Vector NetworkExploitable remotely over the network without any special conditions
  • Attack Complexity LowNo special conditions — the attack can be reliably reproduced
  • Privileges Required NoneNo authentication required — anyone can exploit this
  • User Interaction NoneNo user interaction needed — fully automated exploitation

Scope

  • Scope UnchangedImpact is limited to the vulnerable component itself

Impact if exploited

  • Confidentiality NoneNo confidentiality impact
  • Integrity NoneNo integrity impact
  • Availability HighTotal denial of service — the component is completely unavailable

Weaknesses

Sources

References in the record

And 2 more references. See all after sign-in

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