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CVE-2025-54571

ModSecurity's Insufficient Return Value Handling can Lead to XSS and Source Code Disclosure

Published: Aug 5, 2025Updated: Nov 3, 2025 Sources: CVE List NVDCWE-252
NVD MITRE
6.1CVSSMEDIUM
EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 82.5%
CISA KEV
Not in KEV
Exploits
2 Known
Remediation
Patch Available

Description

ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. In versions 2.9.11 and below, an attacker can override the HTTP response’s Content-Type, which could lead to several issues depending on the HTTP scenario. For example, we have demonstrated the potential for XSS and arbitrary script source code disclosure in the latest version of mod_security2. This issue is fixed in version 2.9.12.

CVSS Vector Breakdown

AV:NAC:LPR:NUI:RS:CC:LI:LA:N
Exploitability
AV:NAttack Vector
Network
AC:LAttack Complexity
Low
PR:NPrivileges Required
None
UI:RUser Interaction
Required
Scope
S:CScope
Changed
Impact
C:LConfidentiality
Low
I:LIntegrity
Low
A:NAvailability
None
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Weaknesses

CWE-252CWE-79

Affected Products

ModSecurityowasp-modsecurity
On-prem
Networking Infrastructure / firewall
modsecurityowasp
Mixed
Networking Infrastructure / firewall
owasp-modsecurityoss-projectNetworking Infrastructureaka modsecurity, mod_security
owasposs-projectUSNetworking Infrastructureaka owasp modsecurity core rule set, modsecurity, modsecurity-crs

Attack Graph

Products CVE Techniques Tactics

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Exploitability

2 exploit sources identified

Exploit details including PoC links, Metasploit modules, and scanner templates are available after registration.

View exploit details
Official Patch Available

MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques
Execution
Initial Access
View detailed technique mapping

References

https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/security/advisories/GHSA-cg44-9m43-3f9v
github.com
https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/issues/2514
github.com
https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/commit/6d7e8eb18f2d7d368fb8e29516fcdeaeb8d349b8
github.com
and 1 more references View all →

Timeline

Published
Aug 5, 2025
Last Updated
Nov 3, 2025

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